Special and dangerous equipment safety knowledge

1. Suitable for teams with special equipment and dangerous equipment

Special equipment refers to boilers, pressure vessels (including gas cylinders, the same below), pressure pipes, elevators, lifting machinery, passenger ropeways, and large amusement facilities involving life safety and high risk.

Units using special equipment should use special equipment that meets the requirements of safety technical specifications

Before special equipment is put into use or within 30 days after it is put into use, the unit that uses special equipment shall register with the special equipment safety supervision and management department of a municipality directly under the Central Government or a city divided into districts. The registration mark should be placed or attached to a prominent position of the special equipment.

Units using special equipment shall conduct regular daily maintenance on the special equipment in use and conduct regular inspections on their own.

Units using special equipment shall carry out self-inspection at least once a month for special equipment in use, and make records

Units using special equipment shall regularly check and overhaul the safety accessories, safety protection devices, measurement and control devices and related auxiliary instrumentation of the special equipment in use, and make records.

Units that use special equipment shall submit regular inspection requirements to the special equipment inspection and testing institutions one month before the expiry of the valid period of safety inspection in accordance with the periodic inspection requirements of the safety technical specifications.

Units using special equipment shall formulate accident emergency measures and rescue plans for special equipment.

The operating personnel of boilers, pressure vessels, elevators, lifting appliances, passenger ropeways, and large amusement facilities and their related management personnel (hereinafter collectively referred to as special equipment operating personnel) shall be qualified by the special equipment safety supervision and management department in accordance with relevant state regulations and shall obtain The national uniform format special worker certificate can only be used for the corresponding operation or management.

2. Hand-held power tools:

Suitable for handheld power tools

A. Before using the tool, the operator should carefully read the product manual or safe operating procedures to learn more about the performance of the tool and to know the correct method of use.

B. Class II tools should be used as much as possible in general workplaces, and leakage protection devices, isolation transformers, and other protective measures should be used when Class I tools are used.

C. Class II or III tools should be used in work places with good conductivity such as in humid workplaces or metal structures.

D. Class III tools or Class II tools equipped with leakage protectors should be used in boilers, metal containers, and pipelines. Safety isolation transformers of Class III tools, leakage protectors of Class II tools, and control boxes and power connectors of Class II and III tools must be placed outside of the workplace, and people should be monitored outside the facility in a narrow workplace.

E. In working environments such as hot and humid, rain and snow, tools with appropriate protection levels should be used.

F. Type I tools The green / yellow bicolor cable in the power cord can only be used as a protection cable in any case.

G. The power cord of the tool must not be arbitrarily lengthened or replaced. When the power is far away from the tool operating point and the length of the power cord is not enough, a coupler should be used to connect.

H. The plug on the power cord of the tool may not be arbitrarily removed or replaced.

I. Grounding poles in plugs and sockets In any case, only protective wires can be connected. It is forbidden to directly connect the grounding electrode and the neutral wire with wires in the plug and socket.

J. Hazardous movement of the tool Zero, protection of components (such as protective cover, cover), etc. shall not be arbitrarily disassembled.

K. When the tool is issued or withdrawn, the custodial staff must carry out a routine inspection; the user must carry out daily inspections before use.

The daily inspection of L. tools should include at least the following items:

a. The shell, handle cracks and breakage;

b. The protection line connection is correct and reliable;

c. The power cord is intact;

d. The power plug is intact;

e. Power switch action is normal, flexible, with or without defects, rupture;

f. whether the mechanical protection device is in good condition;

g. whether the rotating part of the tool is flexible, light and free from blockage;

h. The electrical protection device is good.

The M. Tool must be regularly checked by a full-time staff member as described below.

a. At least once a year.

b. The inspection cycle should also be shortened accordingly in areas with hot and humid heat and frequent temperature changes or in areas with severe use conditions.

c. The inspection should be conducted before the rainy season.

N. Long-term unused tools must measure insulation resistance before use. If the insulation resistance is less than the value specified in Table 1 , it must be dried or repaired. After inspection, it can be used.

O. If there is any damage to the tool, such as insulation damage, breakage of the power cord sheath, breakage of the protective cord, cracking of the plug socket, or damage to the safe mechanical damage, repair should be carried out immediately. Do not continue to use the tool until it is repaired.

P. Tools must be repaired by a specially designated maintenance department and equipped with necessary inspection equipment or instruments.

3. Lifting equipment:

Suitable for teams with lifting equipment

A. When the driver takes over the shift, check the brake, hook, wire rope and safety device and find that the abnormality should be eliminated before the operation.

B. Before approaching people during driving and during operation, they should ring or alarm.

C. The operation shall be conducted in accordance with the command signal. The emergency stop signal shall be immediately executed regardless of any person.

D. The brakes can only be closed when no crane is on or around the crane. If a sign is hung, it must be dealt with by the relevant person before closing.

E. All controller handles should be pulled back to zero before closing.

F. When the driver performs maintenance, he should cut off the main power supply, and hang up the sign and lock it. If there are any failures that have not been eliminated, the successor should be notified.

G. The safety protection device of the crane shall be complete and complete, and shall have product certification.

H. One of the following situations should not be operated:

  1 The weight of an overloaded or heavy object is unclear.

  2 Structures or parts have defects and damage that affect safe work.

  3 Slipping may occur due to loose or unbalanced bundling, un-lined between the corners of the weight and the wire rope.

  4 is hanging objects on friends or floating objects.

  5 The work place is dark, unable to see the site, objects being hung, and command signals.

I. The driver shall observe the following requirements when operating:

  1 Do not use extreme position stoppers for parking.

  2 Do not adjust the brake of the lifting and luffing mechanism under load.

  3 When lifting, do not pass over the person's head. There must be no person under the hanging wall.

  4 The crane must not be overhauled and maintained during work.

There are two main and auxiliary cranes in the mechanism, and the main and the sub hooks should not be actuated at the same time.

4. Stamping equipment: Suitable for stamping equipment, cutting equipment and other team

A. The basic task of stamping safety work is to ensure the safety of workers while continuing to increase production efficiency.

B. The exposed transmission parts must be covered with a protective cover.

C. Maintenance parts above two meters should be equipped with protective rails, and the top of the fuselage should have a walking platform.

D , try to avoid the operator's arm or other parts of the body into the mold danger zone.

E. For the hand must be extended into the mold operation, should be as close as possible to close the area.

F. Design should identify the dangerous parts of the mold and take protective measures.

G. Prevent stamping parts from burrs.

H.20kg parts and molds should have lifting facilities, and should pay attention to safety

I. The press must maintain a good working condition. The maintenance personnel must ensure that the safety equipment of the equipment is complete, the operation and operation are normal, and the personnel perform the inspection.

J. The stamping operation must be professionally trained to be qualified before operation, specifying the safe operation procedures and safety technical regulations.

K. Conduct accident analysis carefully to prevent recurrence of accidents.

L. Pressing equipment should be operated as much as possible using two-handed starting device, and photoelectric protection device should be installed to prevent illegal operation.

5. Boiler pressure vessel:  

Suitable for use in boilers and pressure vessels

A. Boilers and pressure vessels are subject to certain pressure and have explosion hazards, so they must be strictly managed.

B. Furnace workers are special technical workers. After meeting the boiler operating conditions and being qualified for training by the Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision, the boilers are allowed to operate at no higher than the approved category.

C. The boiler workers must strictly observe the rules and regulations when they are on duty and carefully operate to ensure the safe operation of the boiler. When abnormal phenomena and safety are found, emergency measures shall be taken. If violations of the rules of harmful and safe operation are commanded, the command shall be rejected.

D. The boiler room should have water treatment measures to ensure that the water quality meets the requirements.

E. The boiler room should have a post responsibility system with clear responsibilities.

F. The operating personnel should constantly adjust the combustion, keep the boiler pressure, water level, air temperature, and water temperature within the specified range, and also check the route every hour.

G. Pressure vessel operators must be assessed by the Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision before taking up their posts. The pressure vessel used should be fully understood and the technical data should be clearly defined.

H. The pressure vessel must be fitted with a safety valve suitable for pressure and ensure the displacement. Safety valves should be installed vertically to ensure reliability and tightness when closed.

I. The pressure vessel operation position must have a clear operation procedure, which is formulated by the relevant technical personnel according to the production process requirements and the characteristics of the container. The operation personnel should strictly implement it and must not modify or change it without authorization.

J. Pressure should not be too fast during use and should be carried out slowly.

K. Pressure vessels are strictly prohibited from over-temperature and over-pressure operation.

L. Pressure vessels must not loosen any parts or open repairs during pressure.

M. Pay attention to the anticorrosive paint and the inner lining on the outside of the maintenance container and keep it in good condition.

N. Pressure vessels shall not be welded or welded during the pressure-bearing process. Welders who participate in the repair must pass professional training. They shall enter the internal inspection and repair of the vessel . The lights shall not exceed 36V .

6. Welding:

Suitable for welding team

A. The welding operator will have more contacts with the motor, and will mainly contact the metal conductor, which is more dangerous.

B. Welding produces high temperatures and can produce arcs that can cause eye and skin problems.

C. The main danger of electric welding is electric shock, so electric shock protection is the most important.

D. Weld protection First, we must color the insulating material to separate the live body.

E. Separate the live parts from the outside with shielding devices (such as covers, covers, baffles, etc.).

F. Keep a distance between the welding equipment, between the equipment and the wall, between the equipment and the ground, to prevent the human body from touching the live parts.

G. The cross section of the welding cable should be selected according to the size of the welding current. The length is generally 20-30M .

H. It is forbidden to use the metal structures, pipes, rails and other metal objects of the factory building as the conductors of the welding circuit.

I. Cables should be protected from abrasion and high temperature damage to the insulation.

J. Check the insulation performance of the cable regularly, usually once every six months.

K. The welder's body must not be exposed to live parts . For welders with high no-load voltage and when operating in wet locations, insulation pads should be laid on the floor near the console.

L. It is necessary to cut off the power switch before carrying out the welding machine, repairing the welding machine, and changing the secondary circuit layout (coarse adjustment).

M. When welding in a metal container, metal structure or other narrow place, it is not allowed to use a welding pliers without an insulating shell to set up a guardian. The voltage of the running lamp should be 12V .

N. Installation, maintenance of welders, or replacement of insurance shall be performed by an electrician. It is forbidden for the welder to carry out the work.

O. The welding must be cleaned on site, and the flammable substances cleaned. The welding process should pay attention to fire prevention and explosion protection.

P. Welders should wear overalls, insulated shoes, insulated gloves, and safety helmets when working. Welders' gloves should be made of wear-resistant, radiation-resistant leather or cotton canvas and leather composite materials. The length of the welder's gloves should not be less than 300mm . Welders should not wear broken and wet gloves. After the material (or the additional insulating layer) may welder during welding workplace conductive, should be used with gloves having insulating properties is made, and by the withstand voltage of 5000V test qualified before use. Welder should have an insulating protective shoes, anti Heat, non-flammable, wear-resistant and non-slip properties. Electric welders wearing rubber soles for protective footwear should pass the test for withstand voltage of 5000V . When welding in flammable and explosive environments, there should be no studs on the soles to avoid frictional sparks.

Q. When welding, you must wear a protective cover. Welder face masks are available in both hand-held and head-mounted styles. Masks and helmet shells should be made of non-flammable or non-flammable, non-irritating skin insulation. The cover should cover the face and ears. The structure is firm and there is no light leakage.

R. Replacement welding operations for gas container and pipe repair welding operations must be in place.

S. Gas welding and gas cutting work on narrow and poorly ventilated trenches, tunnels, inspection wells, pipe sections, containers, semi-enclosed sections, etc., shall be carried out on the ground to debug welding torch mixed gas, and point a good fire, prohibited at the workplace Debugging and ignition, welding, cutting torches, hoses, etc. should all be accessible.

T. For welding and cutting in closed containers, cans, drums, and cabins, the holes and holes in the welding work should be opened to allow the internal air to circulate to prevent welders from poisoning and scalding. If necessary, special guardianship should be provided. Work is completed and suspended. At the time, welding, cutting torches, hoses, etc. should all be carried in and out of the workplace.

U. The power cords of mobile lighting fixtures used by welders shall be YQ or YQW type rubber jacketed insulated cables. The cables shall be intact and without damage. The lamps shall be switched without leakage. The voltage shall be determined according to site conditions or with a safe voltage of 12V . Light bulbs should have metal mesh protection.

7. Special types of work:

Suitable for teams with special types of work

Special types of work refer to those operators whose operating sites, operating equipment, and operation contents are of great danger, are prone to casualties, or are likely to cause major hazards to the operators themselves, others, and the surrounding facilities. Mainly include: Electrician, Tianchang, electric welders, elevator workers, boiler workers, boiler workers, motor vehicle drivers in the factory, and construction climbing workers.

Post requirements:

7.1 Must have a corresponding level of education, without impeding the operation of the disease and physical defects.

7.1.1 Motor vehicle driver: height 1.5 meters or more, binocular uncorrected visual acuity of 0.7 or more (including corrected visual acuity), no color blindness, color weakness; left and right ear distance from tuning fork 0.5 meters to clarify the direction; heart, lung, normal blood pressure; no Epilepsy, psychosis, sudden fainting, and other impediments to driving or psychological defects.

7.1.2 Electrician: There is no epilepsy, mental illness, heart disease, color blindness, sudden fainting, and other diseases or mental disorders that interfere with electrical work.

7.1.3 Welding operators: Physical health, uncorrected visual acuity of 0.4 or more, corrected visual acuity of 1.0 or more, absence of disorders or physical defects that prevent work such as epilepsy, mental illness, sudden fainting, heart disease, hypertension, and vertigo.

7.1.4 Lifting Operators: Good Health, Binocular Uncorrected Visual Acuity Above 0.7 , No Color Blindness, Hearing Impairment, Epilepsy, Mental Illness, Sudden Syndrome, Heart Disease, High Blood Pressure, Vertigo, etc. .

7.2 Pre-job training was conducted by higher-level labor departments and certificates were issued.

7.3 Before attending the training, the internship shall be more than six months.

7.4 Transferred from an external unit to engage in a special type of work must hold an “operation permit” issued by the District Safe Production Supervision Bureau before taking up the post.

7.5 Periodic review of the “Operation Certificate” issued by the District Safety Production Supervision Bureau.

7.6 The transfer of special jobs must be approved by the Ministry of Human Resources and the Ministry of Safety Supervision. Other departments have no right to adjust.

The information in this article comes from the Internet and was reorganized and edited by China Rescue Equipment Network.