"GB/T 29177-2012 Fire Emergency Rescue Training Facility Requirements"

This standard was drafted in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1. 1-2009.

This standard is proposed by the Ministry of Public Security

This standard is under the jurisdiction of the National Fire Protection Standardization Technical Committee Fire and Rescue Subcommittee (SAC/TC 113/SC 10).

This standard was drafted by the Ministry of Public Security, Shanghai Fire Research Institute.

The main drafters of this standard are: Cao Yongqiang, Wang Zhi'an, Yu Xin, Wei Yidong, Xue Lin, Zhu Qing, Zhang Lei, Gao Ningyu, Chen Yongsheng, Meng Qinggang, Zhang Guoli, Miao Guodian, Li Guohui, Shi Wei, and Zhao Yuhui.

This standard is the first release.

introduction

China's "Fire Law" stipulates that public security fire brigade and full-time fire brigade shall undertake major disaster accidents and other emergency rescue work based on the salvaging of personnel's lives in accordance with national regulations. According to the relevant regulations of the State Council, the public security fire brigade mainly undertakes rescue missions such as earthquakes and other natural disasters, construction accidents, road traffic accidents, air crashes and other production safety accidents, terrorist attacks, and people's distress and other social security incidents, and at the same time assist relevant professional teams to do a good job Flood and drought disasters, meteorological disasters, geological disasters, forest and grassland fires, biological disasters, mine accidents, dangerous chemical accidents, water accidents, environmental pollution, nuclear and radiation accidents, public health emergencies, and other rescue tasks.

The national standards for the fire emergency rescue series are mainly for rescue tasks such as natural disasters, production safety accidents, and social security incidents that the public security fire brigade and full-time fire brigade undertake, and the actual hazardous chemical accidents that are currently assumed by public security fire brigades and full-time fire brigades. The purpose of the emergency rescue mission is to clarify the objects of fire emergency rescue, standardize fire emergency rescue equipment, training facilities construction, technical training, operation procedures and personnel qualifications. Wait.

The content specified in this standard is the requirements of fire emergency rescue training facilities. The training facilities are based on the types of fire emergency rescue technologies listed in GB/T 29176 "General Requirements for Fire Emergency Rescue", and various types of training facilities and GB/T 29175 "Fire Protection The technical training requirements in the Emergency Rescue Technical Training Guide correspond.

Fire emergency rescue training facility requirements

range

This standard specifies the terms and definitions, construction principles, components, settings and requirements for fire emergency rescue training facilities.

This standard applies to the construction of fire emergency rescue training facilities for public security fire brigade and full-time fire brigade. Other fire brigades and emergency rescue teams may refer to the implementation.

2 normative references

The following documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only dated versions apply to this document. For undated references, the latest version (including all amendments) applies to this document.

GB/T 5907 fire basic term first part

GB/T 29176 General Rules for Fire Emergency Rescue

JTG BO1 Highway Engineering Technical Standard

3 Terms and Definitions

The terms and definitions defined in GB/T 5907 and GB/T 29176 and the following terms apply to this document.

Fire emergency rescue training facilities

The general term for all sites, buildings, installations and equipment used for fire emergency rescue training and teaching.

4 Construction principles

4.1 Rationality principle

The construction of fire emergency rescue training facilities (hereinafter referred to as training facilities) shall be based on the actual local conditions, be planned in a unified manner and be reasonably set up.

4.2 The principle of practicality

The construction of training facilities should meet the actual needs of local fire emergency rescue and meet the practical requirements of emergency rescue training tasks.

4.3 Comprehensive Principle

The construction of training facilities should fully consider the reasonable supporting use of funds, land, equipment, and other resources, and comprehensively consider the functions of fire extinguishing training on the basis of meeting emergency rescue training.

4.4 Security Principle

Training facilities should comply with relevant national safety regulations and take necessary technical measures to ensure the safety of training and reliable operation.

5 Composition and Settings

The composition and setting of training facilities should meet the requirements of Table 1.

6 requirements

6.1 Basic Training Facilities

6.1.1 Composition and Function

The basic technical training facilities are used for the basic operation and training of individual projects in emergency rescue. Combined with training towers and psychological behavior training facilities, it is also possible to carry out training for offensive teams. Including: basic protection, fire barriers, offensive skills and other technical training. Emergency rescue basic technical training facilities should be equipped with operating platforms, board, barriers, single-plank bridges, tires, stone piers and auxiliary equipment.

6.1.2 Construction Requirements

6.11.2.1 Basic technical training facilities should be set up on levelling training grounds. The site size should not be less than 110 m X 8 m. Training grounds with a 400 m circular track can be constructed according to training needs.

6.1.2.2 The operating platform shall be provided with rope anchorages, protection pulleys, safety hooks, etc., for rope training and fall protection.

6.2 Training Tower

6.2. 1 Composition and Functions

The training tower is used to simulate multi-storey or high-rise buildings and can carry out rope training, fire ladder training and free-hand climbing training. The training tower should be equipped with stairs, simulation windows, single and double window fixation facilities, downspouts, climbing corners, and water drying devices. In areas where there are comprehensive training buildings, the comprehensive training building should include the training function of the training tower and set up corresponding fixed-building fire-fighting facilities.

6.2.2 Construction Requirements

6.2.2. The floor area of ​​the training tower should not be less than 80 m', and the number of floors should not be less than four. In cities where there are many high-rise buildings, the number of floors can be appropriately increased.

6.2.2.2 The doors and windows of the training tower can be wooden frames. Wooden window sills should be equipped with design structures for rope and fire ladder training.

6.2.2.3 The training tower should be equipped with rope training anchors. Anchors can be beams, columns, stair railings or embedded metal rings.

6.2.3 Safety Requirements

6.2.3. The training tower should be provided with lightning protection devices.

6.2.3.2 The training tower should be made of wood material to prevent rope wear.

6.2.3.3 All stairs in the training tower should have anti-skid and anti-water design.

6.2.3.4 Protection pulleys, safety hooks, ropes, etc. shall be provided on the top or upper floors of the training tower for fall protection during altitude training.

6.3 Demolition and Support Training Facilities for Building Components

6.3. 1 Composition and Functions

The demolition of building components and supporting training facilities are used to train firefighters to use various demolition and support equipment, adopt different technical means and tactical methods, quickly and efficiently demolish building materials, and be able to carry out support training of building components. Demolition of building components and supporting training facilities should be equipped with simulated security doors, rolling shutter doors, window fences, steel fences, beams and columns, various shapes of masonry, various forms of walls, including: wood structure walls, masonry masonry As well as reinforcement rods and concrete walls, auxiliary facilities such as lifting devices should be provided.

6.3.2 Construction Requirements

6.3.2.1 The demolished and supporting training facilities for building components shall occupy an area not less than 100 m2. The design and layout of all building components for training should be consistent with the actual situation.

6.3.2.2 Demolition and support of building components The beams, columns, fences, doors, etc. used for the demolition and support in the training facilities should be built into replaceable structures to form support spaces of various shapes.

6.3.3 Security Requirements

6.3.3.1 The demolished and supporting training facilities for building components shall fully consider the unstable parts of the site being demolished and supporting structures, support reinforcement or pre-breaking, and moving to make dangerous components.

6.3.3.2 Demolition of building components and supporting training facilities There shall be no combustibles or flammable substances in the training facilities to prevent them from being ignited during the demolition training.

6.4 fume training room

6.4. 1 Composition and Function

The fume training room should be equipped with a control room, a physical training room, a smoke heat training channel and a fume heating device. Its structure can be divided into long corridor type and grid partition type, and can use computer automatic control, semi-automatic control and manual control. Can simulate high temperature and smoke environment, carry out physical endurance, psychological adaptability, test and training of obstacle ability, and use air breathing apparatus training.

6.4.2 Construction Requirements

6.4.2. 1 The area of ​​the gallery-type fume heat training room shall not be less than 110 m2, the building area shall not be less than 80 m', the area of ​​physical training shall not be less than 30 m', and the time of smoke exhaust shall be less than 5 min. Controlled at 36 *C-70 °C, channel length should be greater than 60 ma

6.4.2.2 The area of ​​the grid partition type fume heat training room shall not be less than 90 m2, the building area shall not be less than 60 m', the area of ​​physical training shall not be less than 30 m2, the time of smoke exhaust shall be less than 3 min, and the temperature shall be controlled 36 C ^-70 0C o

6.4.3 Safety Requirements

6.4.3.1 Flue-heating training rooms shall be provided with emergency lighting, monitoring, intercom, smoke evacuation devices and emergency rescue channels. The trainee's training situation can be observed through devices such as closed-circuit television or thermal imager to determine the position of the trainee.

6.4.3.2 Non-toxic smoke with defined composition should be used in the fume training room. Smoke devices can be specifically designed and installed to produce smoke.

6.5 Dangerous Chemical Leakage Accident Disposal Training Facility

6.5.1 Composition and Function

Hazardous Chemicals Leakage Accidents Training Facilities are used to simulate leaks in the production, storage, or transportation of hazardous chemicals. They can simulate tanks, kettles, towers, pipes, valves, flanges, and other parts, liquids, gas phases, and other forms. , Rectangular, trachoma, holes, cracks, fractures and other forms of leakage, carry out investigation, alert, dilution, plugging, transmission, decontamination, life-saving training and practical exercises. Hazardous chemical spills accident disposal training facilities should be equipped with simulated hazardous chemical leakage devices including: storage tanks, kettles, towers, pipelines, valves, flanges, booster devices, control systems and auxiliary facilities.

6.5.2 Construction Requirements

6.5.2. 1 The occupation area of ​​training facilities for the disposal of hazardous chemicals shall not be less than 600 m2. Leakage pressure and flow rate of hazardous chemical leakage devices should be able to meet training requirements.

6.5.2.2 Hazardous Chemicals Leakage Accident Disposal Training facilities should be equipped with waste, waste liquid degradation and recovery devices, oil and water separation, and sewage treatment facilities.

6.5.3 Safety Requirements

6.5.3. 1 Hazardous Chemicals Leakage Accidents Training facilities should be equipped with video surveillance systems, manual emergency disconnect switches, and emergency avoidance and dilution measures.

6.5.3.2 When using dangerous chemicals for training, toxic gas detection devices shall be installed in the training facilities for the disposal of dangerous chemicals.

6.6 Road Accident Disposal Training Facilities

6.6. 1 Composition and Function

The road traffic accident disposal training facilities are used to simulate vehicle collisions, subvert the accident scene, and carry out technical training such as demolition, lifting, top support, traction, and life-saving. Road traffic accidents disposal training facilities should be equipped with road crossings, simulated cars and auxiliary facilities.

6.6.2 Construction Requirements

6.62. 1 The occupation area for training facilities for road traffic accidents shall not be less than 400 m2, and the length of the highway line shall not be less than 50 mo.

6.62.2 The simulated road can be constructed in accordance with the secondary road of JTG B01.

6.6.3 Security Requirements

6.6.3.1 Simulated cars should be fixed in different fixed forms to prevent uncontrolled vehicle rollover and movement during training.

6.6.3.2 The fuel tank of the simulated vehicle shall be filled with water.

6.7 Construction (structure) collapse accident disposal training facilities

6.7.1 Structure and Function

The building (structure) collapse accident disposal training facility is used to simulate the collapse of reinforced concrete structures, breakage of house beams, cracking of walls, and trapping and burying of people due to the collapse of buildings. Heavy-duty, top-supporting, life-saving and other technical training and practical exercises. Building collapse accidents disposal training facilities should be built with reinforced concrete beams, frames, floors, bricks and other building collapse ruins, multi-storey building debris, monitoring facilities and ancillary facilities.

6.7.2 Construction Requirements

6.7.2.1 The area of ​​training facilities for the collapse of buildings (structures) shall not be less than 400 m2. Building debris should not be less than 3 storey buildings.

6.7.2.2 Construction (structure) collapse accidents disposal training facilities should be built with a variety of simulated personnel trapped living space, including: monoclinic, V-type, multi-tier folder type.

6.7.2.3 The masonry used for the demolition training in the training facilities for building (structure) collapse accidents shall be built into a replaceable structure and shall be convenient for lifting and traction.

6.7.3 Security Requirements

6.7.3.1 Construction (structure) collapse accidents There should be no uncontrolled secondary collapse or potential hazards to personnel in training facilities.

6.7.3.2 Construction (structure) collapse accidents disposal training facilities should be equipped with video surveillance, communication and emergency broadcast facilities.

6.8 Water rescue training facilities

6.8.1 Structure and Function

The water rescue training facilities are used to simulate the rescue of various water areas such as floodwaters and floods, and carry out swimming training, on-board rescue training, basic diving training and life-saving training. Water rescue training facilities generally include swimming, basic diving, white water training areas and supporting facilities.

6.8.2 Construction Requirements

6.8.2.1 Swimming and basic diving training areas can be combined and their size should not be less than 25 mX15 m. The basic diving training area should not be less than 30 m', and the depth should be 10 m^-20 m. Basic diving training area should be set out of the escalator, underwater can be set to ladder or slope type culvert.

6.8.2.2 The length of the river in the rapids training area should not be less than 100 m. The flow velocity should not be less than 0.5 m/s. The water depth should not be less than 1. 2 ma. There can be cornering, dams and various obstacles.

6.8.3 Security Requirements

6.8.3.1 The water rescue training area shall be equipped with necessary safety protection facilities, including: life buoys, lifesaving rods, lifeline, oxygen bags and emergency equipment.

6.8.3.2 The basic diving training area shall be provided with ambulance wait-and-see posts on water, and shall be provided with underwater and underwater lighting facilities, underwater observation windows or underwater and culvert video surveillance systems, communication and broadcasting facilities.

6.8.3.3 The safety protection anchor points shall be installed on both sides of the river in the whitewater training area to fix pulleys, safety hooks, safety ropes, etc.

6.9.1 Composition and Function

The wild mountain rescue training facilities are used to simulate cliffs, rocks and rocks, and can be equipped with mountain rescue techniques using climbing, descending, and lifesaving equipment. Wild mountain rescue training facilities should be built with simulated cliffs, boulders and rock climbing training facilities.

9.2 Construction Requirements

6.9 wild mountain rescue training facilities

6.9.2.1 The area of ​​wild mountain rescue training facilities should not be less than 1 000 m2 and can be built on natural mountain construction.

6.9.2.2 The height of climbing training facilities shall not be less than 10 m. They may be built on or supported by the bearing walls of training towers or buildings, or they may be constructed separately.

6.9.3 Safety Requirements

6.9.3.1 Wild mountain rescue training facilities should be equipped with safety protection anchors, including: safety hooks, safety rings, pulleys, ropes, safety nets, or protective pads on the ground.

6.9.3.2 The wild mountain rescue training facilities should set up a video surveillance system.

6.10 Confined Space Rescue Training Facility

6.10.1 Composition and Function

Restricted space rescue training facilities are used to simulate small spaces such as shafts, inclined shafts, and horizontal pits. We use breathing, fall protection, lighting, and other equipment to perform vigilance, detection, lighting, demolition, top support, rescue, air supply, etc. training. Restricted space rescue training facilities should be equipped with simulated deep wells, breaking obstacles, security doors and so on.

6.10.2 Construction Requirements

6. 10.2. 1 Simulated deep wells can be constructed either as a single-simulated industrial storage tank or well, or as a comprehensive simulation of deep wells, combining vertical shafts, horizontal wells, and inclined wells to simulate underground pipeline facilities in cities.

6.10.2.2 Monomer simulation The deep-well area should not be less than 20 m2 and the depth should not be less than 7 m. It can be built on the ground or underground. The simulated deep well built on the ground can be built on the training tower.

6.10.2.3 Comprehensive simulation The depth of the well shall not be less than 300 m, and the length of the pipeline shall not be less than 80 m. Relying on the building collapse accident disposal training facilities for construction, replaceable obstacles can be designed in the out-of-population and appropriate locations, and the wellhead and pipeline sections can be shaped in different shapes such as round and square.

6.10.3 Security Requirements

6.10.3. 1 Simulation Deep wells should be provided with observation or safety doors at the bottom and in appropriate positions.

6.10.3.2 Analog deep wells should be equipped with video surveillance, lighting systems, air supply equipment and emergency broadcasts.

6.10.3.3 Safety protection anchor points shall be installed on the wellhead platform of the shaft, and the safety protection pulley, the tether rope metal ring and the descender may be fixed, and the parts contacting the rope are made of wood materials.

6.11 Ditch rescue training facilities

6.11.1 Composition and Function

Ditch rescue training facilities are used to simulate the accidents of engineering or road collapse accidents and fallout accidents. They can carry out alerting, investigation, air supply, slow descent, and lifting, and support and life-saving rescue technical training. Ditch rescue training facilities should be equipped with trenches, puddles, Mizoguchi platforms and auxiliary facilities.

6. 11.2 Construction Requirements

6.2.12.1 The ditch rescue training facility shall occupy an area of ​​not less than 100 m', the depth of the ditch shall not be less than 2. 5 m, the width shall not be less than 5 m, and the length shall not be less than 10 m.

6. 11.2.2 Digging trenches shall be excavated on the ground. A certain depth of water may be poured into the trenches to simulate a special collapse accident site environment.

6.11.3 Security Requirements

6.11.3.1 The excavation slope and sidewall type of the trench shall be selected and designed according to the type of soil in the training area and the width and depth of the trench to avoid collapse during training.

6.11.3.2 The location of the ditch rescue training facility should take into account the depth of the groundwater layer and the underground faults, and should be far away from high-rise buildings and strong vibration sources.

6.12 Psychological and Behavioral Training Facilities

6.12.1 Composition and Function

Psychological and behavioral training facilities are used to simulate high-altitude work environments, and training in psychological adaptability and response skills such as crossing the cable bridges, climbing rope nets, and trusting back-falls are carried out. Psychological and behavioral training facilities should be equipped with high altitude cable bridge, aerial horizontal bar, back fall platform, rope nets and other equipment.

6. 12.2 Construction Requirements

The psychological and behavioral training facility covers an area of ​​not less than 300 M2.

6.12.3 Security Requirements

An anti-fall safety net should be installed under the cooked aerial rope bridge and aerial horizontal bar, and a protective pad should be provided under the back fall platform.