Prevention and control technology of wheat pests and diseases in autumn sowing period

The autumn sowing period is a key period for controlling various pests and diseases of wheat. The main control objects are underground pests such as alfalfa and alfalfa, and wheat midge, followed by wheat aphids, red spiders, smut, total erosion and powdery mildew. Grasping the prevention and control of autumn sowing period can play a multiplier role in controlling the damage of various pests and diseases of wheat.

1. Prevention and control of underground pests and midges

1. Soil treatment Soil treatment should be used for prevention and control in a variety of underground pest-infested areas or in separate severely-occurring areas. In order to reduce soil pollution and avoid killing natural enemies, topical application and application of granules should be promoted. Use 5% methyl isoflavone granules 1.5-2 kg per 667 m2, or 2-3 phoxim granules 2-2.5 kg to evenly spread the ground before plowing, and turn into the soil with the plow. 40% methyl isoflavone emulsifiable concentrate or 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate can also be used, 250ml per 667m2, add 1-2kg of water, and mix 20-25kg of fine soil to form toxic soil.

In the severely occurring area of ​​wheat sucking worms, the ground sealing method can be used, that is, the toxic soil is mixed with the enemy cockroaches, and it is evenly applied to the wheat field with the use.

2. Dressing of pesticides For the general occurrence of underground pests, the method of pesticide dressing can be used for prevention and treatment. The ratio of commonly used pesticides to water and wheat in the control of underground pests is 40% methyl isoflavone emulsifiable concentrate: 1:100:1000 (pesticide: water: seed), 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate, 50% A The amine phosphate emulsion was seeded at 1:50:500. When seed dressing, first dilute the pesticide into the liquid solution according to the required ratio, then mix it with the seeds and mix well. Pile up for 5-6 hours (the systemic drug should be piled up for more than 12 hours), and then plant it after drying.

2. Prevention and control of smut, stripe rust and powdery mildew

The use of chemical dressing can not only prevent and control wheat smut, but also effectively control the occurrence and damage of wheat rust, total eclipse and powdery mildew before winter, and reduce the amount of overwintering bacteria. 25% of the commonly used seed dressing agents are dry-mixed with 0.12% of the weight of the wheat, 33% of the moldy wettable powder, 12.5% ​​of the fast-keeping WP, 0.2% of the weight of the wheat. mix. For the control of wheat smut, 50 g of carbendazim WP can be mixed with 100 g of wheat seeds, or 143 g of 70% thiophanate-methyl WP. When seed dressing, first dilute the medicinal agent with a small amount of water, spray the liquid on the seed with a sprayer, mix with the spray, and sown for 5-6 hours.

Third, wheat comprehensive seed dressing technology

For the underground pests of wheat and the mixed areas of various pests and diseases in the seedling stage, mixed insecticides, fungicides, production-producing bacteria or wheat-specific micro-fertilizers can be used for mixed seedlings, which have the combined effects of disease prevention, pest control and yield increase. The first thing to note is to use the powdered rust-mixed seed to be dry-mixed. If it is mixed with wet or cream, mix it immediately and dry it to avoid phytotoxicity. Second, when the fungicide is mixed with insecticide, mix the insecticide first. Spraying the insecticide with a sprayer evenly, stacking it for 3-4 hours, drying it, then sowing or mixing the fungicide; third, if adding micro-fertilizer, increasing production bacteria, etc., it can be mixed with the fungicide, but With the mixing and seeding; the fourth is to use the mixture of chemicals, generally only use fungicides, insecticides, mixed with a variety of pesticides, easy to produce phytotoxicity; fifth is to strictly follow the seed dressing procedures to prevent human and animal poisoning, It is best to implement uniform seed dressing.

Fourth, the use of coated seeds

Seed coating is a seed treatment technology that combines disease prevention, pest control and disinfection. It not only avoids pests and diseases, but also has nutrients, trace elements and plant growth regulator components that are beneficial to production and development. And all the coated seeds also have the functions of germination, quick emergence, good growth and development, improvement of quality, and improvement of yield. At present, the best fungicide used for seed treatment is 3% dichlorpyrifos, 2.5% cola; insecticide has 60% methylammonium phosphate, 40% methylisophosphorus, 50% phoxim, especially In the mixed area of ​​wheat pests and diseases, one of the fungicides and one insecticide can be used for seed dressing at 0.2% of the seed amount, and the desired effect can be obtained.

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