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For the prevention and control of tomato pests and diseases, the plant protection policy of “prevention first, comprehensive prevention†should be adhered to, and the principle of harmless control should be adhered to “agricultural prevention, physical control, biological control, supplemented by chemical controlâ€.
Agricultural control is aimed at controlling the main pests and diseases in the local area, and adopting varieties with high resistance and multi-resistance; it is necessary to implement a strict rotation system, and it should be rotated for more than 3 years with non-solanaceae crops; water-dry crop rotation should be carried out in areas with conditions; deep ditch sorghum, covering the mulch Cultivate strong seedlings and improve stress resistance; measure soil fertility, increase fully decomposed organic fertilizer, reduce fertilizer application, prevent soil eutrophication; clean the countryside. Through these means, the occurrence of pests and diseases can be greatly reduced.
Physical control is to prevent or reduce the occurrence of tomato pests and diseases by using physical methods such as covering silver-gray mulch to repel aphids, yellow-plate attractants, and soaking seeds.
Biological control is a natural enemy that uses pests and diseases to eliminate the existing pests and diseases, so we should actively protect the use of natural enemies. The other is the use of biological agents, such as the use of viruses, nematodes, etc. to control pests and diseases and plant-derived pesticides such as cucurbitine, matrine, azadirachtin and other biological pesticides such as avermectin, agricultural streptomycin, new planting Biological pesticides such asmycin to control pests and diseases.
In principle, chemical control should be supplemented throughout the tomato pest control process. Moreover, when using chemical control, the type and dosage of the agent to be used should also be considered. Excessive or improper operation will result in an increase in the residue of the pesticide in the fruit, and the produced tomato product will not meet the requirements of the pollution-free tomato product.
For the production of pollution-free tomato open field, the pesticide dosage and safety interval should be strictly controlled. The selected medicinal drugs for the main pest control are as follows:
Tripping disease: 640 times spray with 64% creamer + mancozeb, safe interval of 3 days.
Blight: 800 times spray with 72.2% frostbite water, safe interval of 5 days.
Botrytis cinerea: Spray with 5% of 50% procymidone WP, with a safe interval of 1 day. Or 50% ethylene nucleocapsid WP 1000 times spray, safe interval of 4 days.
Early blight: 500 times spray with 70% mancozeb, safe interval of 15 days. Or 75% chlorothalonil WP 600 times spray, safe interval of 7 days.
Late blight: 300 times spray with 40% ethyl phosphorus manganese zinc wettable powder, safe interval of 5 days. Or 72.2% of the ground mold water spray 800 times spray, the safety interval is 5 days.
Leaf mold: sprayed with 2% Wuyi bacteria water 500 times, with a safe interval of 2 days. Or 47% spring leimycin + copper hydroxide wettable powder 800 times liquid spray, safe interval of 21 days.
Ulcer disease: spray with 77% copper hydroxide wettable powder 500 times, safe interval of 3 days.
Viral disease: 100 times solution with 83 anti-reagents, spray once in the seedling stage and slow seedlings, and the safety interval is 3 days.
Aphids: sprayed with 2.5% deltamethrin EC 2000-3000 times, safely separated for 2 days or 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 2000-3000 times spray, safe interval of 7 days.
Whitefly: Spray with 5% of bifenthrin EC at 3000 times, with a safe interval of 4 days.
Bemisia tabaci: 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 2000-3000 times solution, safe interval of 7 days.
Leaf miner: sprayed with 1.8% avermectin EC from 2000 to 3000 times, with a safe interval of 7 days.
According to the requirements of pollution-free tomato production, the following pesticides can not be used in the production process. They are mainly high-toxic and high-residue pesticides, including insecticides, cyanide, lead phosphide, BHC, DDT, chlordane and methylamine. Phosphorus (3911), parathion (1605), methyl parathion (methyl 1605), internal phosphorus (1059), Suhua 203, acaricidal phosphorus, phosphorus amine, isopropyl phosphorus, omethoate, phosphorus Zinc, carbofuran, acesulfame, monocrotophos, dicofol, aldicarb, fluoroacetamide, organic mercury preparations, arsenic preparations, Xi Lisheng, Sailisan, ulcers, sodium pentachlorophenol, etc. Other high-toxic, high-residue pesticides. The country has banned the use of the above pesticides and has made a series of regulations.
In addition, physiological diseases are often heard in production, often caused by conditions of adversity. It mainly includes umbilical rot, sunburn, deformed fruit, hollow fruit, cracked fruit, rolled leaf, abnormal hypertrophy and so on. Therefore, in the production process, do not ignore the physical diseases.
Prevention and control of pollution-free tomato pests and diseases
At present, the main pests and diseases in tomato fields in China are virus disease, early blight, bacterial wilt, blight, late blight, leaf mold, gray mold, ulcer disease; aphids, cotton bollworm, leaf miner, sassafras, whitefly.
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