Onion cultivation techniques

First, the development of onion

Onion has the characteristics of high yield, good quality, wide adaptability, strong resistance to stress, storage and transportation, and long supply period. Onions contain a variety of nutrients, which have the functions of sterilization, disinfection, anti-aging, anti-cancer and anti-cancer, and are increasingly favored by consumers, and the market demand is large. At present, onion is an important pillar for the development of the rural economy and the increase of farmers' income in Liyuantou Village, Yucheng District. In 2015, the village's onion planting area was more than 4,000 mu, with an average mu yield of 3,200 kg and an annual output of 12.8 million kg of onions. The products were sold to large and medium-sized cities such as Beijing, Shanghai and Harbin. The onion industry continues to develop healthily and steadily, which plays an important role in regulating the market demand and solving the off-season market supply.

Second, the existing problems

1. Blind, random fertilization is prominent, causing excessive or too little fertilization, which affects the normal growth and development of onions.

2. Some onion farmers are used to plant old and inferior varieties of inferior quality and low yield.

3. Some onion farmers are not timely in controlling pests and diseases on onions.

4. Some onion farmers have the phenomenon of replanting light pipes, which has caused the management of cultivating to be inadequate.

5. Some seeds are too early, the onion is too large, prone to low temperature vernalization, so that the onions are convulsed early, some are planted too late, the seedlings are weak, the growth is delayed, the bulb expansion period is shortened, and the yield is low.

Third, high-yield planting techniques

1. Heavy varieties, planted with high-yield, high-quality, disease-resistant, market-selling golden sun, local red onion and other fine varieties.

2. Strengthen seedling and seedling management

2.1 Heavy seedbed bed preparation, fertilization, and rational management. Choose a field with a higher topography, convenient drainage and fertility, and make a seedbed in the fertile soil. After ploughing the seedbed for 2-3 times, use 2000kg of biogas residue per mu or 2000-3000kg of high-quality glutinous fertilizer, which is spoiled and finely spread. It is 1-2m wide and 10cm high, and the bottom of the ditch is 25cm wide. It is used as a seed fertilizer with 5kg of urea or 10kg of compound fertilizer per acre. After pouring water, it can be planted in the middle and late August.

2.2 Fine seeding. Generally, 4-5kg per acre seedbed is planted, and 1-1.5cm thick fine loam is covered after sowing. After sowing, the soil is kept moist, water is timely watered according to soil conditions, and watering is applied in combination with watering. The amount of fertilized per mu is used by decomposed human feces. When the urine is 1000-2000kg or urea is 10-16kg, when the seedlings have 1-2 true leaves, the seedlings are weeded in time.

3. Timely fertilization in the field and transplanting

3.1 Scientific land preparation and rational fertilization. Finely clods, apply enough base fertilizer, apply 3000-3500kg of biogas residue per mu, 4000kg of high-quality farmyard manure, 8kg of urea, 20-25kg of calcium, 10-20kg of potassium sulfate or 50-60kg of plant ash.

3.2 Specification theory, leveling the surface. Opened in a size of 2m, the width of the face is 1.8m.

3.3 Reasonable cover film and timely weeding. Chemical weeding is carried out before the cover film is planted, and 50 kg of water is sprayed on the surface of the crucible with 100 g of "grass" or 150 ml of "grass pass" per acre, and then covered with a 2 m wide mulch. The mulch is compacted with soil, and after 1 d It can be colonized so that the weeding effect is better.

3.4 Reasonable close planting. Use high-quality onion seedlings with developed roots, strong growth and uniform size. In the upper and middle of May, the plants were directly ruptured by fingers with a line spacing of 19cmx19cm. Generally, 1.4-1.5 million plants were transplanted per mu in the fertilizer field. Planting 1.2-1.3 million plants, planting depth of 2-3cm is appropriate.

4. Strengthen field management

4.1 Watering at the right time. On the 20th day after the onion is planted, the seedling period is slow. The principle of water management is to have more watering times and less watering, so as to keep the soil moist. When the onion enters the stem and leaf growth period, it is necessary to promote its growth and robustness, and to prevent the plant from growing. Generally, water is poured once every 8-9 days to dry and wet the soil to promote growth and control the length of the plant. In June, after the onion bulbs began to expand, it was necessary to fill the water at any time to keep the soil soft and moist, and stop the irrigation 7 days before harvest.

4.2 cultivating and weeding. Generally, the seedling stage is removed 3-4 times, combined with watering, and the stems and leaves are weeded 2-3 times in the growing season. When the onion is closed, the cultivating is stopped, and the depth of the cultivating is 3cm.

5. Proper control of pests and diseases

5.1 Prevention-oriented, comprehensive prevention and treatment. Priority should be given to agricultural, physical and biological control measures, using mulching cultivation, soaking seeds in warm soup, soaking seeds for seed treatment, implementing water-and-dry rotation or 2-3 years rotation with non-lili vegetables to reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases and reduce the number of fields. The amount of pesticide used and the number of applications.

5.2 Prevention and treatment of onion cream and purple spot disease. In the early stage of the disease, 150 million live spores/g woody bacteria 600-800 times solution, 27% high-fat film emulsion 150 times solution, 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 600 times liquid spray, and spray every 7-10 days. Even prevent 2-3 times.

5.3 Prevention and treatment of onion gray poisoning. In the early stage of the disease, 10% anti-mycin B wettable powder 50% carbendazim WP, 70% thiophanate-methyl WP 500 times spray, spray once every 7-10d, even prevent 2- 3 times.

5.4 Prevention and treatment of onion blight. 72% kelu wettable powder 600-800 times liquid, 80% big raw WP powder 800 times liquid spray, every 7-10d spray heavy times, even prevention 2-3 times.

5.5 Onion pest control The pests on the onion mainly include onion, onion and so on. The silver-gray mulch is used to cover the mites, and the yellow mucus plastic cardboard is suspended in the field to trap the scorpion disease and the onion. The 0.3% azadirachtin emulsifiable oil 800 times solution, the 10% imidacloprid WP 2000 times solution, and the 10% Lingbai can be used. Emulsified oil 1200-1500 times liquid spray or use pyrethrin, biogas spray control.

6. Timely harvest

When the color of the onion leaves changes from green to yellow, the outer skin of the bulb is chapped, and the base of the pseudo stem becomes soft and lodging, the onion can be harvested. When harvesting, it is necessary to choose sunny days, uprooted, and harvested and packaged in batches.