High quality flue-cured tobacco scientific fertilization technology

At present, China's flue-cured tobacco has been standardized production, and the good techniques and techniques have been promoted to improve the quality of tobacco leaves. However, compared with the advanced level at home and abroad, there is still a big gap, mainly in the small and thin tobacco leaves. Light, poor aroma, and decreased quality of tobacco leaves. A survey of farmers in the tobacco-growing areas shows that although the scientific baking technology is very important, if you do not use reasonable fertilization, fine management, and grow well-nourished and well-developed tobacco leaves, you can't bake high-quality cigarettes. Therefore, scientific fertilization is the key to improving the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco.
First, fertilization methods and time 1, fertilization methods. Among the factors affecting the effect of fertilization, the most easily overlooked factor is the fertilization method. Different fertilization methods have a certain impact on the yield and quality of tobacco leaves. The application method of the base fertilizer of flue-cured tobacco is ideal for burrowing, so that the fertilizer applied is concentrated around the rhizosphere, and is easily absorbed by the roots in the middle and early stages of the field, which can promote the early development of the roots and is not easy to be lost, which is beneficial to the growth of the tobacco plants. Generally, the amount of base fertilizer applied accounts for 70-80% of the total fertilizer requirement in the whole growing season, and the topdressing fertilizer accounts for 20-30% of the total fertilizer requirement. For fertile fields with thicker soil, stronger soil fertility and greater stamina, all fertilizers are used as base fertilizers or early application of less topdressing. A small amount of topdressing can be treated flexibly in the field. For the loose soil, water leakage and leakage, poor ability to continue to supply fertilizer, small land with low stamina or low fertility, the topdressing should be carried out in stages to ensure the nutrient needs of the tobacco plant in the middle and late stages.
2. Fertilization time. The base fertilizer is applied to the soil before planting the seedlings after ridging. For top dressing, in addition to the large amount of precipitation and loose soil, it is necessary to look at the flexible operation of the tobacco plant. Generally, it should be applied 20 days before transplanting, no more than 25 days at the latest, and a small amount of nitrogen and potassium fertilizer should be applied. . This can not only meet the needs of the vigorous growth of tobacco plants, but also ensure that the tobacco plants are basically depleted after entering the maturity stage, prompting the tobacco leaves to mature at the right time.

Second, the determination of the amount of fertilizer application 1, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer application. Nitrogen is the most sensitive and most sensitive element in the yield and quality of tobacco. The nitrogen fertilizer is insufficient, the yield is low, the quality is poor, the leaves are thin and light, the sugar/nicotine ratio is out of balance, the aroma is poor; the nitrogen fertilizer is too much. The leaves are thick and thick, not easy to fall yellow, dark gray, and more smoke. Therefore, the appropriate amount of nitrogen fertilizer is the key to tobacco fertilization. The amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied must first be determined according to the soil fertility status. For the fertile land, due to the high available nitrogen content in the soil, the nitrogen application rate should not be too much. Phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be added. Generally, 667 square meters of pure nitrogen can be applied 4.5-5.5 kg; for medium fertility plots, 667 square meters of pure nitrogen is suitable for 6.5-7 kg.
2. Reasonable ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. In the production of high-quality tobacco, the relative content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the soil of the cultivated layer is 1:0.55:2.4, and the proportion of soil three elements in the tobacco area of ​​our county is imbalanced, and the contribution of various elements in the soil to the crop. Function, and follow the principle of system engineering of short-term balance. Therefore, we must produce high-quality tobacco leaves. Balanced fertilization should be applied to the application of fertilizers according to the content and lack of soil elements. As far as the analysis of soil status in our county is concerned, as long as the relative nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents of the applied fertilizer are 1:2:3, the relative ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the cultivated layer can be basically 1:0.6. : 2-3, to ensure that the relative ratio of the amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium absorbed by each 50 kg of tobacco leaves is equal to 1:0.55:2.4, laying the foundation for the production of high-quality smoke.
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