General: Fire Safety Technology (15) Fire Emergency Lighting and Evacuation Indication System

System installation and commissioning

(A) The main components of the system are installed

1. Installation of fire emergency signs and luminaires

( 1 ) At the top of the installation, try not to ceiling installation, the distance between the upper side of the lamp and the ceiling should be greater than 200mm ; when lifting, metal hangers or hanging chains should be used; the upper end of the suspender or hanging chain should be fixed on the building structure;

( 2 ) When installed at the evacuation walkway and its corners, the low position shall be installed on a wall 1m below the ground (floor) . The sign surface shall be parallel to the wall surface, and the part protruding from the wall surface shall not have sharp corners and extensions. Out of the fixture;

( 3 ) When installed on the ground, all metal components of the lamp shall be made of corrosion-resistant components or anti-corrosion treatment. The connection of the power connection and the control line shall be sealed with sealant. The surface of the indicator lamp shall be parallel to the ground, and the height difference from the ground should not be greater than 3mm , contact with the ground should not be greater than 1mm ;

( 4 ) In the installation of evacuation walkways and main evacuation routes for large-scale indoor public places with dense personnel, visually continuous fire emergency signs shall be installed. The direction of the arrow or the flow direction of the guided light flow shall be consistent with the evacuation direction.

2. Installation of fire emergency lighting fixtures

( 1 ) Fire emergency lighting fixtures should be arranged evenly, and it is best to install on the side of the roof or the side wall more than 2m away from the floor .

( 2 ) When installing on the top of the side wall, the distance between the bottom and the ground shall not be less than 2m . When installing on the side wall less than 1m from the ground , the installation shall be embedded. The maximum horizontal distance from the protruding wall shall not exceed 20mm. , and should ensure that the light is shining below the level of the installation of lamps; shall not be installed on the ground or a side wall between 1 ~ 2m ;

( 3 ) When hoisting, metal suspenders or hanging chains shall be used, and the upper ends of the suspenders or hanging chains shall be fixed on the building structural parts.

3. Installation of emergency lighting distribution boxes and distribution devices

( 1 ) Emergency lighting distribution boxes and distribution devices should be installed over 50mm above the ground when they are installed on the floor . The minimum width of the channels before and after the screen should meet the requirements in GB50054 "Low Voltage Distribution Design Specifications" ;

( 2 ) When the emergency lighting distribution box and distribution electric device are installed on the wall, the height of the bottom edge from the ground should be 1.3 to 1.5m , and the distance from the side of the door axis to the wall should not be less than 0.5m . The front operation distance should not be Less than 1.0m .

4. Installation of emergency lighting centralized power supply

( 1 ) The installation site should be free of corrosive gas, steam, flammable materials and dust; the battery should be installed in a well-ventilated place; it is strictly prohibited to place it in a sealed environment, with flammable gas pipelines, warehouses and other places;

( 2 ) When installing on the floor, it should be more than 150mm above the ground . The channels in front of the screen and behind the screen should be able to meet the requirements for battery replacement.

5. Installation of emergency lighting controller

( 1 ) When installing on a wall, the height of the bottom edge of the emergency lighting controller from the ground ( floor ) is 1.3 to 1.5m . When the door or side wall is installed near the door, the emergency lighting controller door must be properly opened and closed. Should not be less than 1.2m ; floor installation, the bottom edge should be higher than the floor 0.1 ~ 0.2m ;

( 2 ) The control circuit of the emergency lighting controller shall be worn separately. When cables or wires of emergency lighting controllers are introduced, the wiring shall be neat, avoid crossover, and shall be firmly fixed; the ends of the cable cores and the allocated conductors shall be marked with numbers and be consistent with the drawings. The handwriting shall be clear and not easily faded. Terminals of each terminal, the wiring shall not exceed 2 ; cable cores and conductors, should be left with not less than 200mm of margin; wire should be bundled into bundles; after the wire through the tube, the nozzle should be blocked.

6. Installation of evacuation indicator signs

( 1 ) When the evacuation aisle and the main evacuation route are installed on the ground, the direction of evacuation indicated by the evacuation aisle and the main evacuation route shall be the same as that indicated by the sign luminaire, and the installation clearance shall not be greater than 1.5m ;

7. Wire and Cable Selection and Line Laying

( 1 ) When the output branch of the emergency lighting centralized power supply and the control circuit of the centralized control system are laid in the shaft and there is no fire separation between the cables with the combustion performance below the B1 level in the shaft, the combustion performance should be selected as A. Grade wire and cable; if there is fire separation, choose the B1 wire and cable with the burning performance ;

( 2 ) Copper conductors shall be used for the distribution branch lines of the system, and stranded copper conductors shall be used for the control lines.

system debugging

The commissioning of the system shall be carried out after the completion of the system construction. Before the commissioning, the system shall be equipped with fire emergency lighting, fire emergency lighting special emergency power box, emergency lighting centralized power supply, emergency lighting controller, emergency lighting distribution box, and emergency lighting distribution. Equipment and other equipment should be checked separately.

(I) Debugging of Fire Emergency Sign Lighting and Fire Emergency Lighting Fixtures

1. Use visual inspection to check whether the arrow indication on the installation position and sign information of the fire emergency sign luminaire matches the actual evacuation direction.

2. Under dark conditions, the lighting fixtures shall be transferred to an emergency state, and the illuminance meter shall be used to measure the minimum horizontal illuminance of the ground. The illuminance values ​​shall meet the design requirements.

3. Operate the test button or other test device, fire emergency lighting should be transferred to emergency work.

4. Disconnect the emergency fire-fighting lamps and lanterns that are continuously charged for 24 hours . Make the fire emergency lamps and lanterns go to the emergency working state and start time counting with the stopwatch. The main electricity indicator lamp of the fire emergency lamps and lanterns should be in the unlit state. The emergency working time should not be less than The nominal emergency working time itself.

5. Make the indicator lamp that is flashing in order to form the guiding light flow into the emergency working state, and visually measure that the optical flow guide should be the same as the designed evacuation direction.

6. Make the indicator luminaire with voice indication transferred to the emergency working state, and its voice should be consistent with the design.

7. One by one cut off the distribution of emergency lighting distribution box or emergency lighting centralized power distribution device, the distribution box or distribution of electrical power supply of fire emergency lighting should be transferred to the emergency work within 5s .

8. The fire emergency lighting and evacuation indication system controlled by the fire automatic alarm system inputs the linkage control signal. The fire emergency lighting in the system shall transfer to the working state corresponding to the linkage control signal within 5 seconds , and shall send the linkage feedback signal. For the system with manual control function, the manual control mechanism is operated to transfer the system to the emergency working state. The corresponding fire emergency lighting should be transferred to the emergency working state within 5s .

(B) Emergency Lighting Controller Commissioning

1. The operation control function, emergency lighting controller should be able to control any fire emergency lighting from the main power to the emergency state of work, and should have the corresponding state instructions and fire emergency lighting into the emergency state of time.

2. Check the functions of the emergency lighting controller to prevent non-professional operation.

3. Disconnect any fire emergency lighting and emergency lighting controller connection, the emergency lighting controller should send out sound and light fault signals, and display the fault location. During the existence of the fault, the emergency lighting controller should be able to control and Firefighting emergency luminaires that are not related to faults are transferred to the emergency working state.

4. Disconnect the main power supply of the emergency lighting controller so that the emergency lighting controller is powered by the standby power. The emergency lighting controller should not be affected by various control functions during standby operation. The standby power working time is not less than the emergency lighting duration. 3 times, and not less than 2h.

5. Close the main program of the emergency lighting controller. The fire emergency lighting in the system should be able to transfer to the emergency working state according to the design linkage logic.

System detection and maintenance

First, system testing

Before system testing, check whether the name, specification, type, and quantity of the equipment in the project meet the design requirements. Check the wiring of the fire emergency signs, lighting fixtures, emergency lighting centralized power supply, emergency lighting controller and related equipment in the system. , installation location, construction quality meets the requirements.

The on-site inspection of the system includes the detection of components such as fire emergency signs, fire emergency lighting, emergency lighting centralized power supply, emergency lighting controllers, sign boards, system function tests, system power supply and distribution inspections, and the system must be in normal operation before system testing. status.

(I) Firefighting Emergency Sign Lamp Inspection Project

1. The color and sign information of the sign luminaire should comply with the requirements of the national standard "Fire Emergency Lighting and Evacuation Indication System" GB17945 , and the direction of the sign should be consistent with the design direction.

2. Operate the test mechanism three times in succession to observe the automatic emergency conversion of the sign lamps.

3. The emergency working time should not be less than its own nominal emergency working time.

(II) Emergency lighting centralized power supply testing project

1. The centralized power supply for emergency lighting should be equipped with main power and emergency power status indicators. The main power status is green and the emergency status is red.

2. The emergency lighting centralized power supply shall be provided with a self-rebuilding test button (or switch) that simulates the failure of the main power supply, and shall not have a switch that affects the emergency function.

3. The emergency lighting centralized power supply shall display the main voltage, battery voltage, output voltage and output current, and shall be provided with main power, charging, fault and emergency status indicators, the main power status shall be green, the fault status shall be yellow, and the charging status shall be The emergency state is in red.

4. Each branch of the emergency lighting centralized power supply should be protected separately, and failure of any branch should not affect the normal operation of other branches.

(III) Emergency Lighting Controller Test Items

1. The emergency lighting controller should be installed in the fire control room or duty room.

2. The emergency lighting controller shall have working status indications of the main and backup power supplies, and shall be able to automatically convert the main and backup power supplies. The standby power supply should ensure that the emergency lighting controller can work normally for 2h .

(4) System function test items

1. Emergency control of centralized control system

( 1 ) The emergency lighting controller shall be able to receive the fire alarm signal or linkage control signal of the fire automatic alarm system, and control the corresponding fire emergency luminaire to transfer to the emergency working state;

( 2 ) Self-contained power centralized control system shall be converted from the emergency lighting distribution box and the corresponding fire emergency lighting and other accessories in the emergency lighting controller control system;

( 3 ) centralized power centralized control system, the emergency lighting centralized power supply in the control system of the emergency lighting, emergency lighting distribution device and the corresponding fire emergency lighting and other accessories to achieve the working state conversion;

( 4 ) When the system needs to extinguish the safety exit indicator light according to the fire alarm signal, only when receiving the fire alarm signal of the temperature-sensing fire detector set at the safety exit, the system can be linked to turn off to indicate the exit and point to the Fire emergency signs and lanterns for export;

( 5 ) The main power supply of the emergency lighting controller shall be supplied by the fire protection power supply; the standby power supply of the emergency lighting controller shall at least enable the controller to operate for 3 h after the interruption of the main power supply .

(five) System power supply and distribution inspection

1. Plane evacuation area power supply

( 1 ) The power supply in the planar evacuation area shall be powered by trunk or radial power from the main power of the emergency lighting main distribution cabinet, and emergency lighting distribution boxes, emergency lighting centralized power supplies or emergency lighting distribution electrical devices shall be installed in the fire prevention zone; A common emergency lighting distribution box can be set up in a plurality of fire-prevention areas in personnel-intensive areas, but a separate emergency lighting power supply circuit should be used for each fire prevention area.

(2) should be greater than 2000m partition means disposed fire emergency lighting distribution box or distribution of electrical single emergency lighting ²; and less than 2000 m ² fire district can be dedicated emergency lighting circuit;

( 3 ) When the emergency lighting circuit is laid vertically along the cable tube well, the power supply range of the emergency lighting distribution box for public buildings shall not exceed 8 floors, and the residential building shall not exceed 16 floors;

(4) an emergency lighting distribution box or electrical emergency lighting dispensing means covered by the lamps should not exceed the total area of the fire district 4000 m ², one section should not exceed 1/2 of the tunnel, the road traffic tunnel should More than 500m ;

( 5 ) The commercial part and the residential part of commercial and residential buildings shall be separated, and emergency lighting distribution boxes or emergency lighting centralized power supply shall be separately provided.

2. Lamp distribution circuit

( 1 ) AC220V or DC216V lamp power supply circuit operating current should not be greater than 10A ; safety voltage lamp power supply circuit operating current should not be greater than 5A ;

( 2 ) The number of luminaires to be connected to each emergency power supply circuit should not exceed 64 ;

3. Output of emergency lighting distribution box and emergency lighting distribution electrical device

( 1 ) The output circuit should not exceed 8 lines;

( 2 ) The output current of each circuit should not exceed 5A when the safety voltage is used ;

( 3 ) When using non-safety voltage, the output current of each circuit should not exceed 16A .

Second, system maintenance management

The system shall keep the system running normally during the daily management process, and shall not be interrupted; the system shall be periodically self-discharged, replace the product whose emergency discharge time is less than 30min (super high-rise is less than 60min ) or replace its battery; the life of the product in the system shall comply with The relevant national standards require that products that meet the life limit should be replaced in a timely manner. When the surface brightness of the fire emergency signs is less than 15cd/m2 , they should be replaced immediately.

Monthly inspection of fire emergency lighting, if you send a fault signal or can not be transferred to the emergency work status, you should promptly check the battery voltage, if the battery voltage is too low, you should promptly replace the battery; if the light fails to light or other faults, should promptly notify the product The manufacturer's maintenance personnel perform repairs or replacements.

Check the status of emergency lighting centralized power supply and emergency lighting controllers on a monthly basis; if faulty acousto-optical signals are found, promptly notify the product manufacturer’s maintenance personnel for repair or replacement.

The following functions are checked and tested on a quarterly basis:

1. Check the indication status of fire emergency lighting, emergency lighting centralized power supply and emergency lighting controller;

2. Check the emergency working hours;

3. Check the control function transferred to the emergency work status.

The following functions are checked and tested annually:

1. In addition to quarterly inspections, battery capacity testing tests should also be conducted;

2. Test emergency function;

3. Test automatic and manual emergency functions, and conduct linkage test with the fire automatic alarm system.

The information in this article comes from the Internet and was reorganized and edited by China Rescue Equipment Network.